[LON-CAPA-users] An Alternative to Microsoft Gains Support in High Places
B. Minaei
lon-capa-users@mail.lon-capa.org
Thu, 5 Sep 2002 16:01:39 -0400
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An Alternative to Microsoft Gains Support in High Places
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Subject: [issmsu] [Fwd: An Alternative to Microsoft Gains Support in =
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Simply FYI...
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An Alternative to Microsoft Gains Support in High =
Places
By STEVE LOHR
overnments around the world, afraid that Microsoft has =
become too powerful in critical software markets, have begun working to =
ensure an alternative.
More than two dozen countries in Asia, Europe and =
Latin America, including China and Germany, are now encouraging their =
government agencies to use "open source" software - developed by =
communities of programmers who distribute the code without charge and =
donate their labor to cooperatively debug, modify and otherwise improve =
the software.
The best known of these projects is Linux, a computer =
operating system that Microsoft now regards as the leading competitive =
threat to its lucrative Windows franchise in the market for software =
that runs computer servers. The foremost corporate champion of Linux is =
I.B.M., which is working with many governments on Linux projects.
Against this opposition, Microsoft has found itself in =
the uncommon position of campaigning for the even-handed competition of =
"a level playing field." And I.B.M., once the feared monopolist of the =
era of mainframe computers, is casting itself as a force of liberation =
from Microsoft, the monopolist of today.
Microsoft worries that some governments may all but =
require the use of Linux for their powerful servers, which provide data =
to large networks of computer users. For the most part, the battle does =
not involve the kind of software that runs on the typical computer =
user's desk.
To curb such moves, Microsoft is backing an industry =
group called the Initiative for Software Choice. The group lists 20 =
members - besides the chip maker Intel, a close ally, most of them small =
foreign companies or organizations. (Illegally stifling choice, of =
course, was precisely what the federal courts in the long-running =
antitrust case ruled that Microsoft did in the market for personal =
computer software.)
The motivations and actions by foreign governments =
vary somewhat, but mostly they seem to be trying to ensure competition. =
That was the stance taken by a delegation of Chinese officials involved =
in developing their software industry, who visited the United States =
last month.
In an interview, Jiang Guangzhi, director of a =
software development center in Shanghai, discussed the progress made in =
China on various Linux projects and emphasized that the government did =
not want one company "to manipulate or dominate the Chinese market." =
With its entry into the World Trade Organization, China is facing =
increased pressure to crack down on software piracy, adding to the =
appeal of free software like Linux, Mr. Jiang said.
His delegation had attended the LinuxWorld conference =
in San Francisco, and met with I.B.M. executives and its Linux experts =
at the company's headquarters in Armonk, N.Y.
Yet Mr. Jiang also spoke glowingly of Microsoft's =
involvement in China. The company set up a research laboratory in =
Beijing and recently made a commitment to invest $700 million in China =
over the next three years in education, training and research, and in =
investments in local companies.
"We appreciate Microsoft's contributions," Mr. Jiang =
said.
To Chinese Communist officials, it seems, Linux is a =
useful tool of pragmatic capitalism to pump-prime market competition to =
China's advantage.
The support of open source software by governments =
around the world is rising. There are currently 66 government proposals, =
statements and studies promoting open source software in 25 countries, =
according to the Initiative for Software Choice. The policy statements =
and legislative proposals mainly encourage the use of open source =
software in government procurement, and nearly all of them have cropped =
up in the last 18 months.
"It's growing, unfortunately, from our perspective," =
said Mike Wendy, a spokesman for the software initiative, which was =
founded in May.
The impetus for the international activity was in =
Europe. A technology advisory group to the European Commission issued a =
report two years ago that termed open source software "a great =
opportunity" for the region that could perhaps "change the rules in the =
information technology industry," wresting the lead in software from the =
United States and reducing Europe's reliance on imports.
As open source software, especially Linux, has spread, =
countries in other regions have also come to regard it as both a model =
of software development and perhaps an engine of economic growth. The =
government proposals and projects are efforts to position their nations =
to exploit a promising trend in technology.
Source code is software rendered in a programming =
language that human programmers can read and understand, before it is =
compiled down to the digital 1's and 0's that the machine processes. =
Software companies, like Microsoft, typically guard their source code as =
a trade secret, and certainly do not allow outsiders to modify or =
redistribute it.
In the open source model, the source code is freely =
published for all to see. Then, interested programmers - often all over =
the world, communicating over the Internet - work on a project to fix, =
modify and add improvements. These self-selected communities work out =
their own governing arrangements to determine when changes in the code =
are approved or rejected.
The leading open source projects are Apache, the =
software most used for distributing Web pages to desktop computers, and =
the Linux operating system. The kernel, or basic engine, of Linux was =
initially developed by Linus Torvalds, a Finnish programmer who now =
works in the United States - though the operating system itself is a =
result of work from many contributors, including Richard M. Stallman, =
who leads a free software project called GNU.
Just how far the open source model can go is =
uncertain. The projects rely on voluntary contributions from programmers =
who work at universities, government laboratories and companies. Money =
is made in the open source environment by supplying technical support, =
services and writing applications that run on top of the open source =
software.
Linux has certainly gone a long way already. Though =
there are versions of Linux that run on desktop PC's, the real success =
of Linux has been as an operating system on larger data-serving =
machines, which power computer networks in corporations and governments =
and the Internet.
The big market for computer server software is also =
crucial to Microsoft's future. Although the company controls a huge =
portion of the personal computer operating systems market, to keep =
growing it must push increasingly into the lucrative market for software =
that runs corporate and government data centers. It is there that =
Microsoft encounters what its senior executives have cited as the two =
most significant competitive threats: I.B.M. and free software, notably =
Linux.
That combination, in Microsoft's view, could be =
particularly powerful, especially if open source software emerges as the =
most politically acceptable technological path.
In Germany, for example, the lower house of Parliament =
adopted a resolution last November declaring that the government should =
use open source software "whenever doing so will reduce costs." The =
resolution also cited as advantages "stability" and "security." =
Microsoft's Windows operating system is often criticized for crashing =
too often and for being susceptible to computer viruses and security =
breaches.
Then in June, the German government and I.B.M. =
announced a "far-reaching cooperation agreement" to use open source =
software in national and municipal government agencies. "The fact that =
Linux provides a true alternative to the Windows operating system," said =
Otto Schily, the German interior minister, "increases our independence =
and improves our position as a big customer for software."
The German case, I.B.M. says, is part of an emerging =
pattern. "There's not a large government in the world we're not talking =
to," said Steven Solazzo, general manager of I.B.M.'s Linux business.
The Initiative for Software Choice, the =
Microsoft-supported group, said it has nothing against open source =
software as such, but that a declared policy favoring one development =
model is a bias - a competition based on prejudice instead of the merits =
of the products.
"All we're looking for is a level playing field =
competitively," said Peter Houston, a senior strategy executive in =
Microsoft's Windows group.
As open source software moves out of its incubator of =
a comparatively small community of devoted software developers and into =
the commercial mainstream, customers - in governments and corporations - =
will increasingly see its limitations, Mr. Houston said. Windows, he =
said, has a wide range of tools and technical abilities that Linux does =
not have in a "comprehensive, integrated, easy-to-use" package.
By contrast, Mr. Houston said, I.B.M. is mainly trying =
to convert its weakness in the operating-system market to its advantage =
by making money supplying the software - the ingredients that an =
operating system like Linux lacks - and collecting services revenue for =
putting it all together.
"I.B.M. is just trying to move the value up the chain =
from the operating system," Mr. Houston said.
In the end, market competition should determine =
whether Microsoft or Linux gains the upper hand.
Doing research? Search the archive for more than =
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<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message -----=20
<DIV style=3D"BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; font-color: black"><B>From:</B> <A=20
title=3Dfarshad@cse.msu.edu href=3D"mailto:farshad@cse.msu.edu">Farshad =
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Samimi</A> </DIV>
<DIV><B>To:</B> <A title=3Dissmsu@yahoogroups.com=20
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<DIV><B>Sent:</B> Thursday, September 05, 2002 11:56 AM</DIV>
<DIV><B>Subject:</B> [issmsu] [Fwd: An Alternative to Microsoft Gains =
Support in=20
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<TD><BR></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR><PRE>Simply FYI...
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<TD vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft width=3D468><!--RenderBody =
start --><!-- context ad reference Top --><!-- ADXINFO =
classification=3D"banner" campaign=3D"nytnyt181"--><A=20
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href=3D"http://www.nytimes.com/adx/bin/adx_click.html?type=3Dgoto&pag=
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type=3D" " version=3D"1.0">
<H2>An Alternative to Microsoft Gains Support in High=20
Places</H2></NYT_HEADLINE><NYT_BYLINE type=3D" "=20
version=3D"1.0"><FONT size=3D-1><STRONG>By STEVE=20
=
LOHR</STRONG></FONT><BR><BR></NYT_BYLINE><!--plsfield:TEXT--><NYT_TEXT>
<P><IMG alt=3DG=20
=
src=3D"http://graphics7.nytimes.com/images/dropcap/g.gif"=20
align=3Dleft border=3D0>overnments around the world, =
afraid that=20
<A=20
=
href=3D"/redirect/marketwatch/redirect.ctx?MW=3Dhttp://custom.marketwatch=
.com/custom/nyt-com/html-companyprofile.asp&symb=3DMSFT">Microsoft</A=
>=20
has become too powerful in critical software markets, =
have=20
begun working to ensure an alternative.</P>
<P>More than two dozen countries in Asia, Europe and =
Latin=20
America, including China and Germany, are now =
encouraging=20
their government agencies to use "open source" =
software =97=20
developed by communities of programmers who distribute =
the=20
code without charge and donate their labor to =
cooperatively=20
debug, modify and otherwise improve the =
software.</P><!-- Middle ad not targeted -->
<P>The best known of these projects is Linux, a =
computer=20
operating system that Microsoft now regards as the =
leading=20
competitive threat to its lucrative Windows franchise =
in the=20
market for software that runs computer servers. The =
foremost=20
corporate champion of Linux is <A=20
=
href=3D"/redirect/marketwatch/redirect.ctx?MW=3Dhttp://custom.marketwatch=
.com/custom/nyt-com/html-companyprofile.asp&symb=3DIBM">I.B.M.</A>,=20
which is working with many governments on Linux =
projects.</P>
<P>Against this opposition, Microsoft has found itself =
in the=20
uncommon position of campaigning for the even-handed=20
competition of "a level playing field." And I.B.M., =
once the=20
feared monopolist of the era of mainframe computers, =
is=20
casting itself as a force of liberation from =
Microsoft, the=20
monopolist of today.</P>
<P>Microsoft worries that some governments may all but =
require=20
the use of Linux for their powerful servers, which =
provide=20
data to large networks of computer users. For the most =
part,=20
the battle does not involve the kind of software that =
runs on=20
the typical computer user's desk.</P>
<P>To curb such moves, Microsoft is backing an =
industry group=20
called the Initiative for Software Choice. The group =
lists 20=20
members =97 besides the chip maker <A=20
=
href=3D"/redirect/marketwatch/redirect.ctx?MW=3Dhttp://custom.marketwatch=
.com/custom/nyt-com/html-companyprofile.asp&symb=3DINTC">Intel</A>,=20
a close ally, most of them small foreign companies or=20
organizations. (Illegally stifling choice, of course, =
was=20
precisely what the federal courts in the long-running=20
antitrust case ruled that Microsoft did in the market =
for=20
personal computer software.)</P>
<P>The motivations and actions by foreign governments =
vary=20
somewhat, but mostly they seem to be trying to ensure=20
competition. That was the stance taken by a delegation =
of=20
Chinese officials involved in developing their =
software=20
industry, who visited the United States last =
month.</P>
<P>In an interview, Jiang Guangzhi, director of a =
software=20
development center in Shanghai, discussed the progress =
made in=20
China on various Linux projects and emphasized that =
the=20
government did not want one company "to manipulate or =
dominate=20
the Chinese market." With its entry into the World =
Trade=20
Organization, China is facing increased pressure to =
crack down=20
on software piracy, adding to the appeal of free =
software like=20
Linux, Mr. Jiang said.</P>
<P>His delegation had attended the LinuxWorld =
conference in=20
San Francisco, and met with I.B.M. executives and its =
Linux=20
experts at the company's headquarters in Armonk, =
N.Y.</P>
<P>Yet Mr. Jiang also spoke glowingly of Microsoft's=20
involvement in China. The company set up a research =
laboratory=20
in Beijing and recently made a commitment to invest =
$700=20
million in China over the next three years in =
education,=20
training and research, and in investments in local=20
companies.</P>
<P>"We appreciate Microsoft's contributions," Mr. =
Jiang=20
said.</P>
<P>To Chinese Communist officials, it seems, Linux is =
a useful=20
tool of pragmatic capitalism to pump-prime market =
competition=20
to China's advantage.</P>
<P>The support of open source software by governments =
around=20
the world is rising. There are currently 66 government =
proposals, statements and studies promoting open =
source=20
software in 25 countries, according to the Initiative =
for=20
Software Choice. The policy statements and legislative =
proposals mainly encourage the use of open source =
software in=20
government procurement, and nearly all of them have =
cropped up=20
in the last 18 months.</P>
<P>"It's growing, unfortunately, from our =
perspective," said=20
Mike Wendy, a spokesman for the software initiative, =
which was=20
founded in May.</P>
<P>The impetus for the international activity was in =
Europe. A=20
technology advisory group to the European Commission =
issued a=20
report two years ago that termed open source software =
"a great=20
opportunity" for the region that could perhaps "change =
the=20
rules in the information technology industry," =
wresting the=20
lead in software from the United States and reducing =
Europe's=20
reliance on imports.</P>
<P>As open source software, especially Linux, has =
spread,=20
countries in other regions have also come to regard it =
as both=20
a model of software development and perhaps an engine =
of=20
economic growth. The government proposals and projects =
are=20
efforts to position their nations to exploit a =
promising trend=20
in technology.</P>
<P>Source code is software rendered in a programming =
language=20
that human programmers can read and understand, before =
it is=20
compiled down to the digital 1's and 0's that the =
machine=20
processes. Software companies, like Microsoft, =
typically guard=20
their source code as a trade secret, and certainly do =
not=20
allow outsiders to modify or redistribute it.</P>
<P>In the open source model, the source code is freely =
published for all to see. Then, interested programmers =
=97 often=20
all over the world, communicating over the Internet =
=97 work on=20
a project to fix, modify and add improvements. These=20
self-selected communities work out their own governing =
arrangements to determine when changes in the code are =
approved or rejected.</P>
<P>The leading open source projects are <A=20
=
href=3D"/redirect/marketwatch/redirect.ctx?MW=3Dhttp://custom.marketwatch=
.com/custom/nyt-com/html-companyprofile.asp&symb=3DAPA">Apache</A>,=20
the software most used for distributing Web pages to =
desktop=20
computers, and the Linux operating system. The kernel, =
or=20
basic engine, of Linux was initially developed by =
Linus=20
Torvalds, a Finnish programmer who now works in the =
United=20
States =97 though the operating system itself is a =
result of=20
work from many contributors, including Richard M. =
Stallman,=20
who leads a free software project called GNU.</P>
<P>Just how far the open source model can go is =
uncertain. The=20
projects rely on voluntary contributions from =
programmers who=20
work at universities, government laboratories and =
companies.=20
Money is made in the open source environment by =
supplying=20
technical support, services and writing applications =
that run=20
on top of the open source software.</P>
<P>Linux has certainly gone a long way already. Though =
there=20
are versions of Linux that run on desktop PC's, the =
real=20
success of Linux has been as an operating system on =
larger=20
data-serving machines, which power computer networks =
in=20
corporations and governments and the Internet.</P>
<P>The big market for computer server software is also =
crucial=20
to Microsoft's future. Although the company controls a =
huge=20
portion of the personal computer operating systems =
market, to=20
keep growing it must push increasingly into the =
lucrative=20
market for software that runs corporate and government =
data=20
centers. It is there that Microsoft encounters what =
its senior=20
executives have cited as the two most significant =
competitive=20
threats: I.B.M. and free software, notably Linux.</P>
<P>That combination, in Microsoft's view, could be=20
particularly powerful, especially if open source =
software=20
emerges as the most politically acceptable =
technological=20
path.</P>
<P>In Germany, for example, the lower house of =
Parliament=20
adopted a resolution last November declaring that the=20
government should use open source software "whenever =
doing so=20
will reduce costs." The resolution also cited as =
advantages=20
"stability" and "security." Microsoft's Windows =
operating=20
system is often criticized for crashing too often and =
for=20
being susceptible to computer viruses and security=20
breaches.</P>
<P>Then in June, the German government and I.B.M. =
announced a=20
"far-reaching cooperation agreement" to use open =
source=20
software in national and municipal government =
agencies. "The=20
fact that Linux provides a true alternative to the =
Windows=20
operating system," said Otto Schily, the German =
interior=20
minister, "increases our independence and improves our =
position as a big customer for software."</P>
<P>The German case, I.B.M. says, is part of an =
emerging=20
pattern. "There's not a large government in the world =
we're=20
not talking to," said Steven Solazzo, general manager =
of=20
I.B.M.'s Linux business.</P>
<P>The Initiative for Software Choice, the =
Microsoft-supported=20
group, said it has nothing against open source =
software as=20
such, but that a declared policy favoring one =
development=20
model is a bias =97 a competition based on prejudice =
instead of=20
the merits of the products.</P>
<P>"All we're looking for is a level playing field=20
competitively," said Peter Houston, a senior strategy=20
executive in Microsoft's Windows group.</P>
<P>As open source software moves out of its incubator =
of a=20
comparatively small community of devoted software =
developers=20
and into the commercial mainstream, customers =97 in =
governments=20
and corporations =97 will increasingly see its =
limitations, Mr.=20
Houston said. Windows, he said, has a wide range of =
tools and=20
technical abilities that Linux does not have in a=20
"comprehensive, integrated, easy-to-use" package.</P>
<P>By contrast, Mr. Houston said, I.B.M. is mainly =
trying to=20
convert its weakness in the operating-system market to =
its=20
advantage by making money supplying the software =97 =
the=20
ingredients that an operating system like Linux lacks =
=97 and=20
collecting services revenue for putting it all =
together.</P>
<P>"I.B.M. is just trying to move the value up the =
chain from=20
the operating system," Mr. Houston said.</P>
<P>In the end, market competition should determine =
whether=20
Microsoft or Linux gains the upper =
hand.</P></NYT_TEXT><BR=20
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